700 km Earth Adelie or even the metropolisThe Ireland would like to avoid any increase in its corporate taxOtherwise they are penalized by a fine of 1 of the payroll of the companyIt blocks the US advance towards a low carbon economy for yearsThe more subtle has been made for Kangxi 16621723a maximum total assessment for 2006 amounting to 4 334To date 50 agencies are already certifiedEurope has rarely seen such a mobilizationIn addition the men of Arcelor have been inactiveThe map the oysters of Marennes and Isigny NoVery many companies have faced cash flow problems and the decrease in R & D budgets was expected. "The balance sheet drawn up by the European Commission (1) confirmed the negative impact of the financial crisis of 2008 on the search strategy of multinationals. Overall, analyzed 1,400 companies research expenditures declined by 1.9 in 2009, even if the "R & D remains a priority in the strategy of major groups".
The leader remains the Japanese Toyota. The Japanese manufacturer injected EUR 6.7 billion in this position, ahead of the regulars of the catwalks: Roche, Microsoft, Volkswagen, Pfizer, Novartis and Nokia. To fix ideas, the budget of each of these heavy weighs substantially double that of the CNRS, and about 10 times that of the Inserm. Distance, crossing the Johnson & Johnson, the first French, Sanofi-Aventis U.S. and Korean Samsung. These "outsiders" can still comfortable envelope: between 4 and 5 billion euros. Two car manufacturers, five pharmaceutical companies and three experts from the world of electronics and information technology share therefore the Top-10.
Locomotives
In total, these ten champions paid close to EUR 54 billion in 2009 to power laboratories and offices. A cash far superior to the sum of public and private R & D spending by the France (about 47 billion euros in 2010). Of course, these works are closer to the technological development of basic research. But these behemoths are powerful locomotives in their respective sectors, generating high level techno-scientific employment, subcontractor work in expert PMI and deriving a portion of their treasures to the academic fabric as a public-private partnerships.
Result, the Kings of R & D are highly courted by political power, which place the red carpet to lure them: "Come home." Our engineers and our researchers are excellent, and our tax credit research. "This trend is especially clear in the world of pharmacy, where more than 70 of new concepts arise initially in the academic community before be valued in the industry.
This ranking is imperfect. It is established from the information published by companies in the activity reports. Despite some bias (2), it reflects technological firepower of the industrialized countries. The 422 billion euros into R & D by businesses 1,400 classified are concentrated in the hands of the United States (34.3), Europe (30.6) and Japan (22). On the old Continent, the Germany dominates the debates with 10.7 of the total world, before the France (5.9), United Kingdom (4.5), Switzerland (4.4) and Netherlands (2.3).
It is the industry of pharmacy which still leads the ball, with 13 companies ranked among the 50 world leaders. This activity also has the highest technological intensity of the plateau. Hope to stay in the race to new molecules, it must be between 15 and 20 of its turnover in this position, otherwise railway station at the empty pipeline. Other highly interdependent areas of R & D are computer science (10 of turnover), electronics (8) or automotive (4). All the bottom, are the agri-food (1) and the sector of the oil and gas (0.4). In General, the groups respect this ratio "imposed by the market." But sometimes, an industrial differs from the standard. It is the case of Intel (16), Qualcomm (23) and Nvidia (27) in electronics and Celgene (29), Actelion (26) and Takeda (29) in the pharmacy.
Better than Nestlé Google
This classification reveals some surprises of size. Last year, a newcomer named Google has invested EUR 1.9 billion in R & D (12 of its turnover), or just less than Boeing (2.4 billion euros) and largely better than Nestle (EUR 1.5 billion). About Yahoo! (900 million euros in R & D), he beats flat seam of stars such as Safran (629 million euros), Alstom (EUR 613 million) or l ' Oréal (609 million).
A comparison shows that huge gap between the high-tech of the traditional industry. American electronic components Broadcom specialist, little known to the general public, injected year spent EUR 1.06 billion in research. As three jewels of the hexagonal landscape together: Danone (206 million euros), Innenstadt (395 million euros) and Areva (414 million euros). As experts, R & d, the France is not good "marketing mix". That is too many companies in the "old economy" and not enough in the branches vibrate engineers and shiver researchers.
The report in full on lesechos.fr/documentslesechos.fr/documents
