In consumer goods the renewal of the offer must be permanent and university laboratories ParisI VIII XIIIThis inside Falklands war would last for a year Pressure from the markets could not relaxSecondary LBO market also holds his attentionAnd it leaves no visible trace to the naked eyeGazprom was much criticized not investing enoughHowever the two assets do not have the same profileIn theory it is not subject to income taxCitroën progresses at the same time of 6The whistles that have accompanied "La Marseillaise" at the recent Tunisia France to the France stage recalled that there was a problem in the suburbs. Although it was partly forgotten since the riots of 2005, may worsen still. This is the belief of Didier Lapeyronnie, a sociologist who ghettoize, which he tries to make us understand the nature, developed in recent years. It is based on four years of investigations in a city of 5,000 inhabitants, located on the outskirts of a medium-sized town of Western. Returning us the word of those who live there, this impressive work immersed us literally in a "contre-monde" that we more often than a simplistic and stereotypical image.
To grasp the originality of the approach of Didier Lapeyronnie, should refer to the definition of the ghetto which he said that "it is both a cage, each is forced to live there, and a cocoon, the only place where you can compete individually. However most of the studies are limited to describe what makes the cage: discrimination, racism, segregation, etc. But they do not care to tell us how individuals live this situation, how they interpret the constraints on them, how they adopt pipes enabling them to adapt to the structures which enclose. It is the analysis of the inner life of the ghetto is devoted throughout this book, which tells us how this world is built: "It has its own rules, a mix of dominant values and standards more or less hidden and implicit collective life and the lives of everyone." The ghetto thus protects from the outside world, of humiliation and failure. It provides social and cultural resources necessary for survival.
Ambivalence
In other words, unlike sociological studies that accumulate objective data and encrypted to set the position of a particular social group, it favours the word of those interested who tell us themselves how they perceive their lives. At the same time, the members of the ghetto ceased to be only considered as victims or offenders but become actors. The ghetto appears therefore as "a collective creation... a social and moral, individual and collective construction" through which each tries to manage the gap between its aspirations and domination which he suffers.
All the evidence gathered during this investigation shows how the inhabitants of the ghetto lived in ambivalence and contradiction. They are torn between their desire to integrate into the society that surrounds them and the fear of leaving the cocoon that protects, between their cultural integration to the outside world and their submission to a structure that rejects. "Ghetto is a place which organizes against the external company, but it is also a place that people hope to leave in order to integrate this company...". It is a place closed on itself but which is, at the same time invaded by external society, his images and the standards that it imposes. "It is this tension and the diversity of behaviour it induces that found sociologists over their analyses on the pipes that dominate the life of the city. Hence the ambivalence of attitudes before school or most of the institutions. Hence also the manner of resorting to violence, treatment of women or engage in a multitude of traffic. Where especially the diversity of individual behaviours themselves more or less the collective standard which appears to impose.
It is a common temptation to request to the sociology of clear explanations in social behaviour to the mysterious logic. The essential merit of Didier Lapeyronnie is to refuse this approach where the sociologist is located above the company to unveil the truth. Through the level of the individuals themselves, in helping us simply decode their speech, us requiring to accept complexity, sociologist to place at the level of those who live there, to think, to make complaints or projects. It is the player who is so last spring the adjudicator of the sociological work.
